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NDR / Manufacturers

Every badge, and what runs underneath

NAS manufacturers we recover. The dashboard is the maker's. The drives are Linux.

Nearly every NAS is a small Linux computer that joins its drives with the kernel's own software RAID and puts ext4, Btrfs or XFS on top; the exceptions run ZFS, or in Drobo's case a layout of their own. The badge decides the names and the dashboard, the dialect the unit fails in, and the events that have hit that brand's owners. The method underneath is the same: every drive imaged, the set rebuilt from the images, the file system repaired on the virtual volume. Find your brand below. A single-drive unit is £300 + VAT, any set is £500 + VAT upwards, and four bays, rack units and larger arrays start at £1,250 + VAT, with the figure in writing after the free look.

Free first lookOne fixed figure in writingNo data, no bill on most jobsReturn postage paid

Rather talk it through? An engineer answers the bench line
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Power it down. Label each drive with its bay number. Do not rebuild, repair, initialise, reinstall or reset. A rebuild reads every sector of every surviving drive, and on a set with a second weak member it finishes what the first failure began. Nothing on the drives gets worse while the unit is off.

Which badge runs which stack.

SynologyDSM on Btrfs or ext4 over mdadm, with SHR adding LVM across mixed drives. Encrypted shared folders and, from DSM 7.2, encrypted volumes with a key vault. The commonest unit on the bench.
QNAPQTS with ext4 over mdadm, LVM and thin pools; QuTS hero with ZFS. A boot flash chip that wears out, and the brand that Qlocker and Deadbolt hit hardest.
Western DigitalMy Cloud OS 3 and 5 on ext4 over mdadm; My Book Live on 64K-block ext4; My Cloud Home on ext4 with coded filenames and a database. The 2021 reset and the 2022 end of OS 3.
Netgear, Buffalo, Seagate, LaCieReadyNAS on Btrfs with X-RAID; Buffalo on XFS with E-codes; Seagate and LaCie NAS OS on ext4. All discontinued, all standard Linux underneath.
Drobo, Asustor, TerraMasterDrobo's BeyondRAID reconstructed from images, with the company gone; Asustor's ADM and TerraMaster's TOS on ext4 or Btrfs over mdadm, with TRAID doing SHR's trick.
TrueNAS, Unraid, OMV, UGREENZFS on TrueNAS and FreeNAS; per-disk file systems with parity on Unraid; mdadm under OpenMediaVault; Btrfs or ext4 on UGREEN's new units.
The names that have goneThecus, Zyxel, D-Link, Iomega and LenovoEMC, Netgear Stora, Cisco, HP MediaSmart: units from a decade ago that still hold what was put on them, on layers the bench reads without the maker.
AppleThe Time Capsule, a drive inside a base station with sparsebundle backups, recovered on the external drive site and cross-linked here.

A to Z, every brand with a page.

Not on the list? Tell us the badge →
Apple Time CapsuleA drive in a base station, with sparsebundle backups. One drive, £300.AsustorDrivestor, Nimbustor, Lockerstor. ADM, folder encryption, Deadbolt in 2022.BuffaloLinkStation and TeraStation. E-codes, XFS, and a manual that says format.Cisco / LinksysNAS200, NSS322, NSS324. Networking names that briefly made NAS.D-Link ShareCenterDNS-320 to DNS-345. End of life, with a backdoor.Drobo5N, 5N2, B810n and the DAS units. BeyondRAID from a company that has gone.HP MediaSmart / MicroServerMediaSmart on Windows Home Server; MicroServers running whatever was installed.Iomega / LenovoEMCix2, ix4, px4, px6. LifeLine on XFS; wound down in 2018.LaCie NAS2big NAS, 5big NAS Pro, CloudBox. Seagate-owned since 2012.Mini-PC and DIY NAS boxesAoostar, Beelink, Minisforum. Mini-PCs with bays, running whatever was installed.Netgear ReadyNASDuo to RN628X and rack. Volume dead, X-RAID, Btrfs. Netgear left in 2022.Netgear StoraMS2000, MS2110. Netgear's home unit from 2009.OpenMediaVaultOMV, XigmaNAS, Rockstor. Debian and FreeBSD with a web page on the front.PromiseSmartStor NAS, and a cross-link for Pegasus and Vess.QNAPTS, TVS, TS-h, rack. Unmounted volumes, boot flash, Qlocker and Deadbolt.Seagate NASBlackArmor, NAS Pro, Personal Cloud, Central. Discontinued, and ordinary Linux.SynologyDiskStation, RackStation, BeeStation. Crashed pools, SHR, Btrfs, encrypted volumes.TerraMasterF2 to U-series. TOS, TRAID, and advice to format that should be ignored.ThecusN2310 to N7710. ThecusOS on standard Linux RAID.TrueNAS / FreeNASTrueNAS CORE and SCALE, FreeNAS. ZFS imported read-only from images.UGREEN NASyncDXP2800 to DXP8800 Plus. UGOS Pro on Btrfs or ext4, launched 2024.UnraidParity and per-disk file systems. The most forgiving platform on the bench.WD My CloudMy Cloud, EX, PR, Home, My Book Live. Red lights, the 2021 reset, coded filenames.WD SentinelDX4000, DS5100. Windows Storage Server on hardware RAID.ZyxelNAS326, NAS542, NSA325. Unsupported since 2023; ext4 on mdadm.

Why the badge matters less than what was clicked.

Two things decide how a NAS job turns out, and the make is neither of them. The first is what has actually failed: a drive, two drives, the unit, the file system, the boot flash, or somebody's access to the internet-facing login. The second is what was done about it between the failure and the parcel: a rebuild attempted on a set whose survivors were the same age as the drive that died, a check or repair run against a damaged volume, a reinstall that put a fresh system over the drives, a factory reset that did what it said, a set moved to another unit that offered to initialise it.

The pages here are organised by brand because that is what you know, and written around the stack underneath and the events that have hit that brand's owners, with dates and sources, because that is what the bench needs and what the forums get wrong. Each says which of the maker's own remedies is safe and which is not: Buffalo's instruction to format the drive on E22, TerraMaster's advice to reset and format after ransomware, Synology's Recoverable, Netgear's Remove inactive volumes.

None of the makers runs a recovery laboratory. Synology's own note on a crashed pool is that it can no longer be repaired by the user; QNAP's one documented exception was its Qlocker assistance in 2021, which formatted an external drive and came with no guarantee; Netgear left the NAS business in 2022 and Drobo's parent was liquidated in 2023. The route back is the bench, and it is a good one.

The questions that come up first.

My brand is not listed. Can you still recover it?

Yes. If it is a Linux box with drives in it, it is on this list in every way that matters. Tell us the badge and the model on the form; the free look reads the layout from the drives.

Does the brand change the price?

No; the number of drives does. A single-drive unit is £300 + VAT, any set is £500 + VAT upwards, and four bays, rack units and larger arrays start at £1,250 + VAT.

Which brands encrypt?

Synology, QNAP, Asustor and TerraMaster offer folder or volume encryption you turn on; Buffalo's and ReadyNAS's encrypted units use a key; TrueNAS encrypts datasets. None encrypts by default, and every one needs the key you set.

Should I use the maker's own repair first?

Only if every drive is healthy and you have a backup. On a set with a weak drive, the repair reads the bad sectors that finish it. The free look here costs nothing and says which you have.

Not on the list?

Tell us the badge and the model. If it is a Linux box with drives in it, it is on the list in every way that matters, and the first look is free.

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